India has taken a significant step forward in green inland transportation with the launch of its first domestically built hydrogen fuel cell passenger vessel, now operational on the Ganga in Varanasi. The introduction of this vessel marks an important milestone in the country’s efforts to expand clean mobility solutions across river-based transport corridors.
The initiative showcases the use of hydrogen-powered propulsion for inland waterways, reflecting the broader national objective of fostering environmentally friendly transport technologies. Developed with fully indigenous expertise, the vessel successfully completed all mandated trials before its formal entry into commercial service.
Launch of India’s Hydrogen-Powered Passenger Vessel
The newly commissioned vessel, equipped with hydrogen fuel cell technology, has commenced its scheduled operations in Varanasi. The craft employs a Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (LT-PEM) fuel cell, which generates electrical power through the conversion of stored hydrogen. This process results in water as the sole by-product, making it an emission-free mode of operation suitable for eco-sensitive zones and densely populated riverfronts.
Officials associated with the project noted that the deployment of this vessel highlights the practical application of hydrogen energy in riverine mobility. It also serves as a platform for demonstrating future scalability in inland water transport systems.
Design Specifications and Operating Features
The vessel undertook its inaugural commercial trip covering a distance of five kilometres between Namo Ghat and Lalita Ghat. This maiden journey signalled the transition from testing phases to regular operational status.
Constructed by Cochin Shipyard Ltd and owned by the Inland Waterways Authority of India, the vessel is built as a 24-metre catamaran tailored for urban passenger movement along the Varanasi stretch of the river. Its passenger cabin is fully air-conditioned and designed to accommodate up to 50 commuters comfortably. The service operates at a speed of approximately 6.5 knots, suitable for short-distance travel within city limits.
The craft incorporates a hybrid power system that blends hydrogen fuel cells with onboard battery storage and supplemental solar energy support. This integrated configuration ensures consistent power delivery while optimizing energy efficiency during navigation.
A full hydrogen refill enables the vessel to operate for nearly eight hours, providing adequate endurance for daily passenger services. Additionally, the vessel has received certification from the Indian Register of Shipping, affirming compliance with safety and operational standards required for commercial deployment in inland waterways.
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